In poetry, punctuation can be used just as in narratives. One would place commas using the same rules for commas and periods after a sentence or complete thought. However, poets often break the rules of grammar (they're notorious for breaking the rules
) and use creative license, inserting commas, periods, and other punctuation where it
feels right.
As for stanza breaks and and how many syllables to use per line, this too is subjective. Free style poets, again, go by
feel. It all depends upon the subject matter and the feeling they are trying to convey. On the other hand, there are some styles in poetry that have a strict structure to follow depending upon the type of poem. There are countless types of poems. Here's a great website that describes several types: Types of Poems
Also, here's a great website to just learn some of the basics of poetry: Glossary of Poetic Terms